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Claude Montal
Claude Montal (July 28, 1800 – March 7, 1865), was the French author of the first comprehensive text on piano tuning and repair, "l'Art d'accorder soi-même son piano..." (The Art of Tuning Your Own Piano Yourself...), published in 1836. He subsequently became a major manufacturer of pianos, with several patented inventions to his credit. He was completely blinded by illness at a young age, and is best known today for having initiated the career of piano technician as a profession suitable for blind people.
==Early life and education==
Born in La Palisse, in central France, Claude Montal was left completely blind at the age of five by typhoid fever, but he continued to play actively with his friends and attend school, according to his early biographers. His father was a saddlemaker, and young Montal learned to use the tools of that trade, manufacturing various items that he was able to sell.〔M. Guadet, "Notice Biographique sur Claude Montal, Facteur de Pianos." Fain et Thunot, Paris 1845.〕 His parents tried for some years to have him admitted to the Institute for Blind Youth of Paris, a progressive institution that pioneered serious education for blind people, trying to give them skills and knowledge to become contributing members of society and to live relatively normal lives.〔Armitage, T.R., The Education and Employment of the Blind. Harwick, London, 1871.〕 They were unsuccessful until they were able to obtain the intervention of the Duchesse of Angoulême,〔F. Dufau et al., "Claude Montal, Facteur de Pianos, sa vie et ses travaux." Didot, Paris 1857〕 a patron of the Institute. He was 16 years old at the time, past the age limit for admission, so they claimed that he was 14.〔
Montal was a successful student, and by the age of 20 he had become a teacher at the Institute, covering such subjects as grammar, geography, music, and mathematics. He contributed to the curriculum, developing a new way to teach solfeggio, and working on materials that could be sensed by touch. He aided Charles Barbier in developing a precursor to the system later created by Louis Braille, a fellow student nine years younger than Montal; developed relief charts for use in geometry; and collaborated in creating an early system of musical notation.〔
Many of his colleagues spent their lives teaching at the Institute, but Montal chose to pursue an independent life. An earlier student had managed to learn to tune pianos, and was successful in making a decent living at that trade, so Montal set out to learn those skills, at the same time teaching himself to dismantle and repair pianos. He hired someone to read to him everything he could find about the theory and practice of tuning, and soon had developed his own method of setting a temperament, based, as he put it, on both theory and practice.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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